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Phlorizin: Health Benefits, Side Effects, Uses, Dose & Precautions

Phlorizin

Other Name(s):

1-[2,4-Dihydroxy-6-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyphenyl]-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propan-1-one, 1-[2-(Beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-4,6-dihydroxyphenyl]-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-propanone, Floridzin, Phloretin-2'-O-glucoside, Phloridzin, Phlorizoside, Phlorrhizin.

Overview

Phlorizin is a substance found in some fruit trees, such as the bark of apple trees. It is used to make medicine.

People take phlorizin by mouth for fever, malaria, diabetes, and as an antioxidant.

How does work?

Phlorizin prevents the kidneys from reabsorbing sugar. This lowers blood sugar levels. Phlorizin might also slow tumor growth and lessen bone loss.

Uses

Insufficient Evidence to Rate Effectiveness for...

  • Diabetes.
  • Fever.
  • Malaria.
  • Other conditions.
More evidence is needed to rate the effectiveness of phlorizin for these uses.

Side Effects

It isn't known if phlorizin is safe. It might cause blood sugar levels to drop too low. It might also cause people to feel very hungry.

QUESTION

Next to red peppers, you can get the most vitamin C from ________________. See Answer

Precautions

Pregnancy and breast-feeding: Not enough is known about the use of phlorizin during pregnancy and breast-feeding. Stay on the safe side and avoid use.

Diabetes: Phlorizin might lower blood sugar. Watch for signs of low blood sugar (hypoglycemia) and monitor your blood sugar carefully if you have diabetes and use phlorizin.

Surgery: Phlorizin might lower blood sugar. There is some concern that it might interfere with blood sugar control during and after surgery. Stop using phlorizin at least 2 weeks before a scheduled surgery.

Interactions


Medications for diabetes (Antidiabetes drugs)Interaction Rating: Moderate Be cautious with this combination.Talk with your health provider.

Phlorizin might lower blood sugar. Diabetes medications are also used to lower blood sugar. Taking phlorizin along with diabetes medications might cause blood sugar to go too low. Monitor your blood sugar closely. The dose of your diabetes medication might need to be changed.

Some medications used for diabetes include glimepiride (Amaryl), glyburide (DiaBeta, Glynase PresTab, Micronase), insulin, pioglitazone (Actos), rosiglitazone (Avandia), chlorpropamide (Diabinese), glipizide (Glucotrol), tolbutamide (Orinase), and others.

Dosing

The appropriate dose of phlorizin depends on several factors such as the user's age, health, and several other conditions. At this time there is not enough scientific information to determine an appropriate range of doses for phlorizin. Keep in mind that natural products are not always necessarily safe and dosages can be important. Be sure to follow relevant directions on product labels and consult your pharmacist or physician or other healthcare professional before using.

Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database rates effectiveness based on scientific evidence according to the following scale: Effective, Likely Effective, Possibly Effective, Possibly Ineffective, Likely Ineffective, and Insufficient Evidence to Rate (detailed description of each of the ratings).

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References

Bradford BJ, Allen MS. Phlorizin administration does not attenuate hypophagia induced by intraruminal propionate infusion in lactating dairy cattle. J Nutr 2007;137(2):326-330. View abstract.

Bradford BJ, Allen MS. Phlorizin induces lipolysis and alters meal patterns in both early- and late-lactation dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2007;90(4):1810-1815. View abstract.

Brichard SM, Henquin JC, Girard J. Phlorizin treatment of diabetic rats partially reverses the abnormal expression of genes involved in hepatic glucose metabolism. Diabetologia 1993;36(4):292-298. View abstract.

Crespy V, Aprikian O, Morand C, et al. Bioavailability of phloretin and phloridzin in rats. J Nutr 2001;131(12):3227-3230. View abstract.

Debons AF, Krimsky I, Maayan ML, Fani K, Jemenez FA. Gold thioglucose obesity syndrome. Fed Proc 1977;36(2):143-147. View abstract.

Ehrenkranz JR, Lewis NG, Kahn CR, Roth J. Phlorizin: a review. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2005;21(1):31-38. View abstract.

Freitas HS, D'Agord Schaan B, da Silva RS, et al. Insulin but not phlorizin treatment induces a transient increase in GLUT2 gene expression in the kidney of diabetic rats. Nephron Physiol. 2007;105(3):42-51. View abstract.

Glick Z, Mayer J. Hyperphagia caused by cerebral ventricular infusion of phloridzin. Nature 1968;219(5161):1374. View abstract.

Jung E, Lee J, Huh S, et al. Phloridzin-induced melanogenesis is mediated by the cAMP signaling pathway. Food Chem Toxicol 2009;47(10):2436-2440. View abstract.

Masumoto S, Akimoto Y, Oike H, Kobori M. Dietary phloridzin reduces blood glucose levels and reverses Sglt1 expression in the small intestine in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. J Agric Food Chem 2009;57(11):4651-4656. View abstract.

Nelson JA, Falk RE. Phloridzin and phloretin inhibition of 2-deoxy-D-glucose uptake by tumor cells in vitro and in vivo. Anticancer Res 1993;13(6A):2293-2299. View abstract.

Proksa B, Uhrin D, Odonmazhig P, Badga D. Isolation of phlorizin from leaves of Armeniaca sibirica. Pharmazie 1988;43(9):658-659.

Puel C, Quintin A, Mathey J, et al. Prevention of bone loss by phloridzin, an apple polyphenol, in ovariectomized rats under inflammation conditions. Calcif Tissue Int 2005;77(5):311-318. View abstract.

Rosenwasser RF, Sultan S, Sutton D, Choksi R, Epstein BJ. SGLT-2 inhibitors and their potential in the treatment of diabetes. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2013;6:453-67. View abstract.

Rutter LM, Manns JG. Follicular phase gonadotropin secretion in cyclic postpartum beef cows with phlorizin-induced hypoglycemia. J Anim Sci 1988;66(5):1194-1200. View abstract.

Sanderson JD, VanderWeele DA, Geiselman PJ. Vagally mediated feeding responses to phloridzin infusion in the rabbit. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 1992;43(3):919-923. View abstract.

Shoji T, Kobori M, Shinmoto H, Tanabe M, Tsushida T. Progressive effects of phloridzin on melanogenesis in B16 mouse melanoma cells. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 1997;61(12):1963-1967. View abstract.

Starke A, Grundy S, McGarry JD, Unger RH. Correction of hyperglycemia with phloridzin restores the glucagon response to glucose in insulin-deficient dogs: implications for human diabetes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1985;82(5):1544-1546. View abstract.

Suzuki S, Noda M, Sugita M, Tsubochi H, Fujimura S. Difference in the effect of phloridzin on alveolar fluid absorption in anesthetized rats and in ex vivo rat lungs. Exp Lung Res 1999;25(5):393-406. View abstract.

Vranic M, Gauthier C, Bilinski D, et al. Catecholamine responses and their interactions with other glucoregulatory hormones. Am J Physiol 1984;247(2 Pt 1):E145-E156. View abstract.

Zhang S, Zhu M, Shen D. Experimental study on the treatment of diabetes by phloridzin in rats. J Tongji Med Univ 1998;18(2):105-7, 118. View abstract.

Zhao H, Yakar S, Gavrilova O, et al. Phloridzin improves hyperglycemia but not hepatic insulin resistance in a transgenic mouse model of type 2 diabetes. Diabetes 2004;53(11):2901-2909. View abstract.