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Siberian Cocklebur: Health Benefits, Side Effects, Uses, Dose & Precautions

Siberian Cocklebur

Other Name(s):

Cadillo siberiano, Canada Cocklebur, Cang Er Cao, Cang Er Zi, Cangerzi, Cangoerzi, Cocklebur, Ditchbur, Fructus Xanthii, Herbe aux Écrouelles, Lampourde, Lampourde Antiscrofuleuse, Lampourde aux Écrouelles, Lampourde Glouteron, Noogoora-Bur, Petite Bardane, Rough Cocklebur, Xanthium japonicum, Xanthium sibiricum, Xanthium strumarium.

Overview

Siberian cocklebur is a spring weed that grows in parts of Asia, Europe, and North America. The plant invades farmlands and can be poisonous to domestic animals and humans.

People take Siberian cocklebur by mouth for chronic bronchitis, common cold, constipation, sinus infection, stuffy nose, itching, hives, a condition affecting the joints called rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes, headache, tuberculosis, and kidney disease.

How does work?

Siberian cocklebur contains many different chemicals. Atractyloside and carboxyatractyloside, which are found in the seed, can be poisonous. In addition to the potential toxic effects of Siberian cocklebur, it might also have anti-arthritis, antibacterial, cancer-protecting, antidiabetes, anti-inflammatory, liver-protecting, and immune system-boosting effects.

Uses

Insufficient Evidence to Rate Effectiveness for...

  • Chronic bronchitis.
  • Common cold.
  • Constipation.
  • Sinus infection.
  • Stuffy nose.
  • Itching.
  • Hives.
  • A condition affecting the joints called rheumatoid arthritis.
  • Diabetes.
  • Headache.
  • Tuberculosis.
  • Kidney disease.
  • Other conditions.
More evidence is needed to rate Siberian cocklebur for these uses.

QUESTION

Next to red peppers, you can get the most vitamin C from ________________. See Answer

Side Effects

Siberian cocklebur is LIKELY UNSAFE when the seeds and seedlings are taken by mouth. Deaths have been reported.

There isn't enough reliable information available about the Siberian cocklebur fruit to know if it is safe.

Precautions

Pregnancy and breast-feeding: Siberian cocklebur is LIKELY UNSAFE when the seeds and seedlings are taken by mouth. Deaths have been reported. Avoid using.

Children: Siberian cocklebur is LIKELY UNSAFE when the seeds and seedlings are taken by mouth. Deaths have been reported. It is POSSIBLY UNSAFE when the Siberian fruit is taken by mouth. There has been a report of a 20-month old child dying after taking Siberian cocklebur fruit by mouth for 2 months.

Dosing

The appropriate dose of Siberian cocklebur depends on several factors such as the user's age, health, and several other conditions. At this time there is not enough scientific information to determine an appropriate range of doses for Siberian cocklebur (in children/in adults). Keep in mind that natural products are not always necessarily safe and dosages can be important. Be sure to follow relevant directions on product labels and consult your pharmacist or physician or other healthcare professional before using.

Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database rates effectiveness based on scientific evidence according to the following scale: Effective, Likely Effective, Possibly Effective, Possibly Ineffective, Likely Ineffective, and Insufficient Evidence to Rate (detailed description of each of the ratings).

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References

An, H. J., Jeong, H. J., Lee, E. H., et al. Xanthii fructus inhibits inflammatory responses in LPS-stimulated mouse peritoneal macrophages. Inflammation 2004;28(5):263-70. View abstract.

Chen B, Ma L, Wang X, Shen Y, Jia X. Simultaneous determination of 5 phenolic acids in fried Fructus xanthii from different production sites and its dispensing granules by using ultra-pressure liquid chromatography. Pharmacogn Mag 2013;9(34):103-8. View abstract.

Dai, Y. H., Cui, Z., Li, J. L., and Wang, D. A new thiaziedione from the fruits of Xanthium sibiricum. J Asian Nat Prod Res 2008;10(3-4):343-7. View abstract.

Gurley ES, Rahman M, Hossain MJ, et al. Fatal outbreak from consuming Xanthium strumarium seedlings during time of food scarcity in northeastern Bangladesh. PLoS One 2010 Mar 18;5(3):e9756. View abstract.

Han, T., Li, H. L., Hu, Y., et al. Phenolic acids in Fructus Xanthii and determination of contents of total phenolic acids in different species and populations of Xanthium in China. Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Xue Bao 2006;4(2):194-8. View abstract.

Hong, S. H., Jeong, H. J., and Kim, H. M. Inhibitory effects of Xanthii fructus extract on mast cell-mediated allergic reaction in murine model. J Ethnopharmacol 2003;88(2-3):229-34. View abstract.

Hsu FL, Chen YC, Cheng JT. Caffeic acid as active principle from the fruit of Xanthium strumarium to lower plasma glucose in diabetic rats. Planta Med 2000;66(3):228-30. View abstract.

Li X, Li Z, Xue M, et al. Fructus xanthii attenuates hepatic steatosis in rats fed on high-fat diet. PLoS One 2013;8(4):e61499. View abstract.

Lin B, Zhao Y, Han P, et al. Anti-arthritic activity of Xanthium strumarium L. extract on complete Freund?s adjuvant induced arthritis in rats. J Ethnopharmacol 2014;155(1):248-55. View abstract.

Ramírez-Erosa I, Huang Y, Hickie RA, Sutherland RG, Barl B. Xanthatin and xanthinosin from the burs of Xanthium strumarium L. as potential anticancer agents. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2007;85(11):1160-72. View abstract.

Sato, Y., Oketani, H., Yamada, T., et al. A xanthanolide with potent antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. J Pharm Pharmacol 1997;49(10):1042-4. View abstract.

Song MY, Kim EK, Lee HJ, et al. Fructus xanthii extract protects against cytokine-induced damage in pancreatic beta-cells through suppression of NF-kappaB activation. In J Mol Med 2009;23(4):547-53. View abstract.

Stuart, B. P., Cole, R. J., and Gosser, H. S. Cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium, L. var. strumarium) intoxication in swine: review and redefinition of the toxic principle. Vet Pathol 1981;18(3):368-83. View abstract.

Turgut M, Alhan CC, Gurgoze M, et al. Carboxyatractyloside poisoning in humans. Ann Trop Paediatr 2005;25(2):125-34. View abstract.

Wang L, Wang J, Li F, et al. Cytotoxic sesquiterpene lactones from aerial parts of Xanthium sibiricum. Planta Med 2013;79(8):661-5. View abstract.

Witte, S. T., Osweiler, G. D., Stahr, H. M., and Mobley, G. Cocklebur toxicosis in cattle associated with the consumption of mature Xanthium strumarium. J Vet Diagn Invest 1990;2(4):263-7. View abstract.

Wu, M. L., Wang, C. P., and Deng, J. F. Fatal hepatic failure due to fructus xanthii in a child. Abstracts of the 2005 North American Congress of Clinical Toxicology Annual Meeting. Clin Toxicol 2005;43:639.

Yang L, Chen L, Xu S, et al. RRLC-MS/MS method for the quantitation of atractyloside in Fructus Xanthii (Xanthium sibiricum). Anal Methods 2013;5:2093-7.

Yoon HN, Lee MY, Kim JK, Suh HW, Lim SS. Aldose reductase inhibitory compounds from Xanthium strumarium. Arch Pharm Res 2013;36(9):1090-5. View abstract.

Zhang, X. Q., Ye, W. C., Jiang, R. W., et al. Two new eremophilanolides from Xanthium sibiricum. Nat Prod Res 2006;20(13):1265-70. View abstract.

Zhao, Y., Yang, H., Zheng, Y. B., Wong, Y. O., and Leung, P. C. The effects of Fructus Xanthii extract on cytokine release from human mast cell line (HMC-1) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2008;30(3):543-52. View abstract.