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Tangerine: Health Benefits, Side Effects, Uses, Dose & Precautions

Tangerine

Other Name(s):

Bergamota, Citrus nobilis, Citrus reticulate, Culate Mandarin, Gan Ju, Mandarin, Mandarin Orange, Mandarina, Mandarina, Mandarina, Mandarine Orange, Mandarinen, Mandarinenbaum, Mandarinier, Ponkan, Santara, Småcitrus, Swatow Orange, Tangerina.

Overview

Tangerine is a citrus fruit that grows in tropical areas of Asia.

People take tangerine peel by mouth for asthma, indigestion, clogged arteries, cancer prevention, chemotherapy side effects, colon and rectal cancer, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), liver disease, and lung cancer.

Tangerine fruit and peel can be eaten as a food. Tangerine fruit can also be made into a juice.

How does work?

Tangerine might reduce the risk of cancer. The tangerine peel seems to stop the growth of, or increase the death of, cancer cells.

Uses

Insufficient Evidence to Rate Effectiveness for...

  • Cancer. Early research suggests that eating a lot of oranges and/or tangerines is linked to a lower risk of developing a type of cancer called nasopharyngeal carcinoma. This type of cancer affects the area behind the nose, where it meets the throat.
  • Asthma.
  • Indigestion.
  • Clogged arteries.
  • Chemotherapy side effects.
  • Colon and rectal cancer.
  • Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).
  • Liver disease.
  • Lung cancer.
  • Other conditions.
More evidence is needed to rate tangerine for these uses.

QUESTION

Next to red peppers, you can get the most vitamin C from ________________. See Answer

Side Effects

Tangerine is LIKELY SAFE when consumed in amounts found in foods. There isn't enough reliable information available about tangerine to know if it is safe when used as a medicine.

Precautions

Pregnancy and breast-feeding: There is not enough reliable information about the safety of taking tangerine if you are pregnant or breast-feeding. Stay on the safe side and avoid use.

Interactions


Medications changed by the liver (Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) substrates)Interaction Rating: Minor Be cautious with this combination.Talk with your health provider.

Some medications are changed and broken down by the liver. Tangerine might increase how quickly the liver breaks down these medications. In theory, taking tangerine along with medications that are broken down by the liver can decrease the effects of some medications. Before taking tangerine, talk to your healthcare provider if you are taking any medications that are changed by the liver.

Some medications changed by the liver include amitriptyline (Elavil), amiodarone (Cordarone), citalopram (Celexa), felodipine (Plendil), lansoprazole (Prevacid), ondansetron (Zofran), prednisone (Deltasone, Orasone), sertraline (Zoloft), sibutramine (Meridia), and many others.


Midazolam (Versed)Interaction Rating: Minor Be cautious with this combination.Talk with your health provider.

The body breaks down midazolam (Versed) to get rid of it. Tangerine might increase how quickly the body breaks down midazolam (Versed). In theory, taking tangerine along with midazolam (Versed) might decrease the effects of midazolam (Versed).

Dosing

The appropriate dose of tangerine depends on several factors such as the user's age, health, and several other conditions. At this time there is not enough scientific information to determine an appropriate range of doses for tangerine (in children/in adults). Keep in mind that natural products are not always necessarily safe and dosages can be important. Be sure to follow relevant directions on product labels and consult your pharmacist or physician or other healthcare professional before using.

Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database rates effectiveness based on scientific evidence according to the following scale: Effective, Likely Effective, Possibly Effective, Possibly Ineffective, Likely Ineffective, and Insufficient Evidence to Rate (detailed description of each of the ratings).

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References

Aslan, A., Unal, I., Karaguzel, G., and Melikoglu, M. A case of intestinal obstruction due to phytobezoar--an alternative surgical approach. Swiss Surg 2003;9(1):35-37. View abstract.

Backman, J. T., Maenpaa, J., Belle, D. J., Wrighton, S. A., Kivisto, K. T., and Neuvonen, P. J. Lack of correlation between in vitro and in vivo studies on the effects of tangeretin and tangerine juice on midazolam hydroxylation. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2000;67(4):382-390. View abstract.

Electronic Code of Federal Regulations. Title 21. Part 182 -- Substances Generally Recognized As Safe. Available at: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?CFRPart=182

Ho SC, Kuo CT. Hesperidin, nobiletin, and tangeretin are collectively responsible for the anti-neuroinflammatory capacity of tangerine peel (Citri reticulatae pericarpium). Food Chem Toxicol 2014;71:176-82. View abstract.

Kang, S. A., Park, H. J., Kim, M. J., Lee, S. Y., Han, S. W., and Leem, K. H. Citri Reticulatae Viride Pericarpium extract induced apoptosis in SNU-C4, human colon cancer cells. J Ethnopharmacol 2005;97(2):231-235. View abstract.

Kim, M. J., Park, H. J., Hong, M. S., Park, H. J., Kim, M. S., Leem, K. H., Kim, J. B., Kim, Y. J., and Kim, H. K. Citrus Reticulata blanco induces apoptosis in human gastric cancer cells SNU-668. Nutr Cancer 2005;51(1):78-82. View abstract.

Li, Y., Xu, C., Zhang, Q., Liu, J. Y., and Tan, R. X. In vitro anti-Helicobacter pylori action of 30 Chinese herbal medicines used to treat ulcer diseases. J Ethnopharmacol 4-26-2005;98(3):329-333. View abstract.

Liao J, Xu T, Liu YH, Wang SZ. A new limonoid from the seeds of Citrus reticulata Blanco. Nat Prod Res 2012;26(8):756-61. View abstract.

Murakami, A., Nakamura, Y., Ohto, Y., Yano, M., Koshiba, T., Koshimizu, K., Tokuda, H., Nishino, H., and Ohigashi, H. Suppressive effects of citrus fruits on free radical generation and nobiletin, an anti-inflammatory polymethoxyflavonoid. Biofactors 2000;12(1-4):187-192. View abstract.

Rincon, A. M., Vasquez, A. M., and Padilla, F. C. [Chemical composition and bioactive compounds of flour of orange (Citrus sinensis), tangerine (Citrus reticulata) and grapefruit (Citrus paradisi) peels cultivated in Venezuela]. Arch Latinoam Nutr 2005;55(3):305-310. View abstract.

Skala, J. and Komarek, J. [Obstruction of the small intestine due to orange and tangerine]. Rozhl Chir 1976;55(4):252-253. View abstract.

Sugiyama, S., Umehara, K., Kuroyanagi, M., Ueno, A., and Taki, T. Studies on the differentiation inducers of myeloid leukemic cells from Citrus species. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 1993;41(4):714-719. View abstract.

Tian, Q., Miller, E. G., Ahmad, H., Tang, L., and Patil, B. S. Differential inhibition of human cancer cell proliferation by citrus limonoids. Nutr Cancer 2001;40(2):180-184. View abstract.

Vilaplana, J. and Romaguera, C. Contact dermatitis from the essential oil of tangerine in fragrance. Contact Dermatitis 2002;46(2):108. View abstract.

Vinson, J. A., Liang, X., Proch, J., Hontz, B. A., Dancel, J., and Sandone, N. Polyphenol antioxidants in citrus juices: in vitro and in vivo studies relevant to heart disease. Adv Exp Med Biol 2002;505:113-122. View abstract.

Wingerath, T., Stahl, W., and Sies, H. beta-Cryptoxanthin selectively increases in human chylomicrons upon ingestion of tangerine concentrate rich in beta-cryptoxanthin esters. Arch Biochem Biophys 1995;324(2):385-390. View abstract.

Yuan, J. M., Wang, X. L., Xiang, Y. B., Gao, Y. T., Ross, R. K., and Yu, M. C. Preserved foods in relation to risk of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in Shanghai, China. Int J Cancer 2000;85(3):358-363. View abstract.