Types of Medication for Hyperthyroidism

Hyperthyroidism occurs when the thyroid gland produces an excess amount of thyroid hormone. This condition is also known as an overactive thyroid. Hyperthyroidism can speed up metabolism, thereby leading to the following symptoms:

• Weight loss
• Hand tremors
• Rapid or irregular heartbeat

Antithyroid medicines and radioiodine can slow down the production of thyroid hormones.

• Antithyroid medicines: These drugs work by slowing the production of thyroid hormone and do not cause permanent damage. Examples include:
  • Propylthiouracil
  • Methimazole
• Beta-blockers: These drugs may help reduce the symptoms of hyperthyroidism such as tremors, rapid heart rate, and heart palpitations.
• Radioiodine therapy: The thyroid takes up radioiodine, thereby causing the glands to shrink.

Antithyroid medicines are the drug of choice for blocking the production of excess thyroid hormones. As liver damage is associated with propylthiouracil, it is usually given if the patient cannot tolerate methimazole.

Common side effects of antithyroid medicines include:

• Skin rash
• Upset stomach
• Drowsiness
• Bitter aftertaste

Common side effects of beta blockers include:

• Fatigue
• Sexual problems

Common side effects of radioiodine therapy include:

• Hypothyroidism

This is not a complete list of side effects and other serious side effects or health problems that may occur because of the use of this drug. Call your doctor for medical advice about serious side effects or adverse reactions. You may report side effects or health problems to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.

Antithyroid drugs are the main choice of drugs during pregnancy. Propylthiouracil may be used in the first trimester which is substituted by methimazole in the next trimesters. Antithyroid drugs are safe in low doses during breastfeeding. Radioiodine therapy should be totally avoided during pregnancy.

It is safe to drink alcohol while taking thyroid medications as they do not interact with each other. However, alcohol can cause flare-ups of symptoms. However, mild to moderate alcohol consumption can reduce the risk of developing Graves’ disease independent of age, sex, and smoking.