Types of Medication for Reflux

Reflux is a condition wherein stomach acid flows back into the esophagus, thereby irritating the esophageal lining. Most people with reflux find relief with heartburn medicines.

Causes of reflux include:

• A burning sensation in the chest especially after eating
• Upper abdominal or chest pain
• Difficulties in swallowing
• The sensation of a lump in the throat

Some of the commonly prescribed medications for reflux include

1. Histamine-2 (H2) blockers: H2 blockers relieve reflux and heartburn by blocking the action of histamine. Histamine activates stomach acid, especially after a meal.
   • The following are some examples of H2 blockers:
     • Famotidine
     • Nizatidine
     • Cimetidine
   • Ranitidine was revoked from the market in 2020 because it contained cancer-causing agents.
2. Proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs): These drugs block acid production for a longer duration than H2 blockers. They should be taken one hour before a meal.
   • The following are some examples of PPIs:
     • Pantoprazole
     • Rabeprazole
     • Dexlansoprazole
     • Esomeprazole
     • Lansoprazole
     • Omeprazole
3. Promotility agents: These agents work by activating the muscles of the digestive tract that prevent acid from staying in the stomach for a long period. It also strengthens the lower esophageal sphincter to reduce reflux into the esophagus. Metoclopramide is the drug used for reducing reflux.

Proton-pump inhibitors ought to be the most powerful drugs for preventing acid reflux. All drugs belonging to this class work similarly and no one drug is considered superior to another.

Common side effects of H2 blockers include

• Headache
• Abdominal pain
• Diarrhea
• Nausea
• Gas
• Sore throat
• Runny nose
• Dizziness

Common side effects of PPI include

• Headache
• Diarrhea
• Abdominal pain
• Bloating
• Constipation
• Nausea
• Gas

Common side effects of promotility agents include

• Drowsiness
• Fatigue
• Diarrhea
• Restlessness
• Movement problems

This is not a complete list of side effects and other serious side effects or health problems may occur because of the use of this drug. Call your doctor for medical advice about serious side effects or adverse reactions. You may report side effects or health problems to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.

Reflux medications should be used when clearly needed. Always discuss the risks and benefits with your physician before taking medications.

Avoid drinking alcohol because it can worsen the production of stomach acid.