Enoby

Description for Enoby

Denosumab-qbde is a human IgG2 monoclonal antibody with affinity and specificity for human RANKL (receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand). Denosumab-qbde has an approximate molecular weight of 147 kDa and is produced in genetically engineered mammalian (Chinese hamster ovary) cells.

Enoby (denosumab-qbde) injection is a sterile, preservative-free, clear to slightly opalescent, colorless to pale yellow solution for subcutaneous use.

Each 1 mL single-dose prefilled syringe contains 60 mg denosumab-qbde (60 mg/mL solution), glacial acetic acid (1.0809 mg), polysorbate 20 (0.10 mg), sorbitol (46.0 mg), Water for Injection (USP). Sodium hydroxide may be added to adjust pH to approximately 5.2.

ADVERSE REACTIONS

The following serious adverse reactions are discussed below and also elsewhere in the labeling:

• Severe Hypocalcemia and Mineral Metabolism Changes [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)]
• Hypersensitivity [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3)]
• Osteonecrosis of the Jaw [see Warnings and Precautions (5.4)]
• Atypical Subtrochanteric and Diaphyseal Femoral Fractures [see Warnings and Precautions (5.5)]
• Multiple Vertebral Fractures (MVF) Following Treatment Discontinuation [see Warnings and Precautions (5.6)]
• Serious Infections [see Warnings and Precautions (5.7)]
• Dermatologic Adverse Reactions [see Warnings and Precautions (5.8)]

The most common adverse reactions reported with denosumab products in patients with postmenopausal osteoporosis are back pain, pain in extremity, musculoskeletal pain, hypercholesterolemia, and cystitis.

The most common adverse reactions reported with denosumab products in men with osteoporosis are back pain, arthralgia, and nasopharyngitis.

The most common adverse reactions reported with denosumab products in patients with glucocorticoid- induced osteoporosis are back pain, hypertension, bronchitis, and headache.

The most common (per patient incidence ≥ 10%) adverse reactions reported with denosumab products in patients with bone loss receiving androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer or adjuvant aromatase inhibitor therapy for breast cancer are arthralgia and back pain. Pain in extremity and musculoskeletal pain have also been reported in clinical trials.

The most common adverse reactions leading to discontinuation of denosumab products in patients with postmenopausal osteoporosis are back pain and constipation.

Clinical Trials Experience

Because clinical studies are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical studies of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical studies of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in clinical practice.

Treatment of Postmenopausal Women with Osteoporosis

The safety of denosumab in the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis was assessed in a 3-year, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multinational study of 7808 postmenopausal women aged 60 to 91 years. A total of 3876 women were exposed to placebo and 3886 women were exposed to denosumab administered subcutaneously once every 6 months as a single 60 mg dose. All women were instructed to take at least 1000 mg of calcium and 400 IU of vitamin D supplementation per day.

The incidence of all-cause mortality was 2.3% (n = 90) in the placebo group and 1.8% (n = 70) in the denosumab group. The incidence of nonfatal serious adverse events was 24.2% in the placebo group and 25.0% in the denosumab group. The percentage of patients who withdrew from the study due to adverse events was 2.1% and 2.4% for the placebo and denosumab groups, respectively. The most common adverse reactions reported with denosumab in patients with postmenopausal osteoporosis are back pain, pain in extremity, musculoskeletal pain, hypercholesterolemia, and cystitis.

Adverse reactions reported in ≥ 2% of postmenopausal women with osteoporosis and more frequently in the denosumab-treated women than in the placebo-treated women are shown in the table below.

Table 1: Adverse Reactions Occurring in ≥ 2% of Patients with Osteoporosis and More Frequently than in Placebo-treated Patients

Preferred Term	Denosumab (N = 3886) n (%)	Placebo (N = 3876) n (%)
Back Pain	1347 (34.7)	1340 (34.6)
Pain in extremity	453 (11.7)	430 (11.1)
Musculoskeletal pain	297 (7.6)	291 (7.5)
Hypercholesterolemia	280 (7.2)	236 (6.1)
Cystitis	228 (5.9)	225 (5.8)
Vertigo	195 (5.0)	187 (4.8)
Upper respiratory tract infection	190 (4.9)	167 (4.3)
Edema peripheral	189 (4.9)	155 (4.0)
Sciatica	178 (4.6)	149 (3.8)
Bone pain	142 (3.7)	117 (3.0)
Abdominal pain upper	129 (3.3)	111 (2.9)
Anemia	129 (3.3)	107 (2.8)
Insomnia	126 (3.2)	122 (3.1)
Myalgia	114 (2.9)	94 (2.4)
Angina pectoris	101 (2.6)	87 (2.2)
Rash	96 (2.5)	79 (2.0)
Pharyngitis	91 (2.3)	78 (2.0)
Asthenia	90 (2.3)	73 (1.9)
Pruritus	87 (2.2)	82 (2.1)
Flatulence	84 (2.2)	53 (1.4)
Spinal osteoarthritis	82 (2.1)	64 (1.7)
Gastroesophageal reflux disease	80 (2.1)	66 (1.7)
Herpes zoster	79 (2.0)	72 (1.9)

Hypocalcemia

Decreases in serum calcium levels to less than 8.5 mg/dL at any visit were reported in 0.4% women in the placebo group and 1.7% women in the denosumab group. The nadir in serum calcium level occurred at approximately day 10 after denosumab dosing in subjects with normal renal function.

In clinical studies, subjects with impaired renal function were more likely to have greater reductions in serum calcium levels compared to subjects with normal renal function. In a study of 55 subjects with varying degrees of renal function, serum calcium levels < 7.5 mg/dL or symptomatic hypocalcemia were observed in 5 subjects. These included no subjects in the normal renal function group, 10% of subjects in the creatinine clearance 50 to 80 mL/min group, 29% of subjects in the creatinine clearance < 30 mL/min group, and 29% of subjects in the hemodialysis group. These subjects did not receive calcium and vitamin D supplementation. In a study of 4550 postmenopausal women with osteoporosis, the mean change from baseline in serum calcium level 10 days after denosumab dosing was -5.5% in subjects with creatinine clearance < 30 mL/min vs. -3.1% in subjects with creatinine clearance ≥ 30 mL/min.

Serious Infections

Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) is expressed on activated T and B lymphocytes and in lymph nodes. Therefore, a RANKL inhibitor such as denosumab products may increase the risk of infection.

In the clinical study of 7808 postmenopausal women with osteoporosis, the incidence of infections resulting in death was 0.2% in both placebo and denosumab treatment groups. However, the incidence of nonfatal serious infections was 3.3% in the placebo and 4.0% in the denosumab groups. Hospitalizations due to serious infections in the abdomen (0.7% placebo vs. 0.9% denosumab), urinary tract (0.5% placebo vs. 0.7% denosumab), and ear (0.0% placebo vs. 0.1% denosumab) were reported. Endocarditis was reported in no placebo patients and 3 patients receiving denosumab.

Skin infections, including erysipelas and cellulitis, leading to hospitalization were reported more frequently in patients treated with denosumab (< 0.1% placebo vs. 0.4% denosumab).

The incidence of opportunistic infections was similar to that reported with placebo.

Dermatologic Adverse Reactions

A significantly higher number of patients treated with denosumab developed epidermal and dermal

adverse events (such as dermatitis, eczema, and rashes), with these events reported in 8.2% of the placebo and 10.8% of the denosumab groups (p < 0.0001). Most of these events were not specific to the injection site [see Warnings and Precautions (5.8)].

Osteonecrosis of the Jaw

ONJ has been reported in the osteoporosis clinical trial program in patients treated with denosumab [see Warnings and Precautions (5.4)].

Atypical Subtrochanteric and Diaphyseal Femoral Fractures

In the osteoporosis clinical trial program, atypical femoral fractures were reported in patients treated with denosumab. The duration of denosumab exposure to time of atypical femoral fracture diagnosis was as early as 2½ years [see Warnings and Precautions (5.5)].

Multiple Vertebral Fractures (MVF) Following Treatment Discontinuation

In the osteoporosis clinical trial program, multiple vertebral fractures were reported in patients after discontinuation of denosumab. In the phase 3 trial in women with postmenopausal osteoporosis, 6% of women who discontinued denosumab and remained in the study developed new vertebral fractures, and 3% of women who discontinued denosumab and remained in the study developed multiple new vertebral fractures. The mean time to onset of multiple vertebral fractures was 17 months (range: 7-43 months) after the last injection of denosumab. Prior vertebral fracture was a predictor of multiple vertebral fractures after discontinuation [see Warnings and Precautions (5.6)].

Pancreatitis

Pancreatitis was reported in 4 patients (0.1%) in the placebo and 8 patients (0.2%) in the denosumab groups. Of these reports, 1 patient in the placebo group and all 8 patients in the denosumab group had serious events, including one death in the denosumab group. Several patients had a prior history of pancreatitis. The time from product administration to event occurrence was variable.

New Malignancies

The overall incidence of new malignancies was 4.3% in the placebo and 4.8% in the denosumab groups. New malignancies related to the breast (0.7% placebo vs. 0.9% denosumab), reproductive system (0.2% placebo vs. 0.5% denosumab), and gastrointestinal system (0.6% placebo vs. 0.9% denosumab) were reported. A causal relationship to drug exposure has not been established.

Treatment to Increase Bone Mass in Men with Osteoporosis

The safety of denosumab in the treatment of men with osteoporosis was assessed in a 1-year randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. A total of 120 men were exposed to placebo and 120 men were exposed to denosumab administered subcutaneously once every 6 months as a single 60 mg dose. All men were instructed to take at least 1000 mg of calcium and 800 IU of vitamin D supplementation per day.

The incidence of all-cause mortality was 0.8% (n = 1) in the placebo group and 0.8% (n = 1) in the denosumab group. The incidence of nonfatal serious adverse events was 7.5% in the placebo group and 8.3% in the denosumab group. The percentage of patients who withdrew from the study due to adverse events was 0% and 2.5% for the placebo and denosumab groups, respectively.

Adverse reactions reported in ≥ 5% of men with osteoporosis and more frequently with denosumab than in the placebo-treated patients were: back pain (6.7% placebo vs. 8.3% denosumab), arthralgia (5.8% placebo vs. 6.7% denosumab), and nasopharyngitis (5.8% placebo vs. 6.7% denosumab).

Serious Infections

Serious infection was reported in 1 patient (0.8%) in the placebo group and no patients in the denosumab group.

Dermatologic Adverse Reactions

Epidermal and dermal adverse events (such as dermatitis, eczema, and rashes) were reported in 4 patients (3.3%) in the placebo group and 5 patients (4.2%) in the denosumab group.

Osteonecrosis of the Jaw

No cases of ONJ were reported.

Pancreatitis

Pancreatitis was reported in 1 patient (0.8%) in the placebo group and 1 patient (0.8%) in the denosumab group.

New Malignancies

New malignancies were reported in no patients in the placebo group and 4 (3.3%) patients (3 prostate cancers, 1 basal cell carcinoma) in the denosumab group.

Treatment of Glucocorticoid-Induced Osteoporosis

The safety of denosumab in the treatment of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis was assessed in the 1-year, primary analysis of a 2-year randomized, multicenter, double-blind, parallel-group, active-controlled study of 795 patients (30% men and 70% women) aged 20 to 94 (mean age of 63 years) treated with greater than or equal to 7.5 mg/day oral prednisone (or equivalent). A total of 384 patients were exposed to 5 mg oral daily bisphosphonate (active-control) and 394 patients were exposed to denosumab administered once every 6 months as a 60 mg subcutaneous dose. All patients were instructed to take at least 1000 mg of calcium and 800 IU of vitamin D supplementation per day.

The incidence of all-cause mortality was 0.5% (n = 2) in the active-control group and 1.5% (n = 6) in the denosumab group. The incidence of serious adverse events was 17% in the active-control group and 16% in the denosumab group. The percentage of patients who withdrew from the study due to adverse events was 3.6% and 3.8% for the active-control and denosumab groups, respectively.

Adverse reactions reported in ≥ 2% of patients with glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis and more frequently with denosumab than in the active-control-treated patients are shown in the table below.

Table 2: Adverse Reactions Occurring in ≥ 2% of Patients with Glucocorticoid-induced Osteoporosis and More Frequently with Denosumab than in Active-Control-treated Patients

Preferred Term	Denosumab (N = 394) n (%)	Oral Daily Bisphosphonate (Active-Control) (N = 384) n (%)
Back pain	18 (4.6)	17 (4.4)
Hypertension	15 (3.8)	13 (3.4)
Bronchitis	15 (3.8)	11 (2.9)
Headache	14 (3.6)	7 (1.8)
Dyspepsia	12 (3.0)	10 (2.6)
Urinary tract infection	12 (3.0)	8 (2.1)
Abdominal pain upper	12 (3.0)	7 (1.8)
Upper respiratory tract infection	11 (2.8)	10 (2.6)
Constipation	11 (2.8)	6 (1.6)
Vomiting	10 (2.5)	6 (1.6)
Dizziness	9 (2.3)	8 (2.1)
Fall	8 (2.0)	7 (1.8)
Polymyalgia rheumatica*	8 (2.0)	1 (0.3)
*Events of worsening of underlying polymyalgia rheumatica.

Osteonecrosis of the Jaw

No cases of ONJ were reported.

Atypical Subtrochanteric and Diaphyseal Femoral Fractures

Atypical femoral fractures were reported in 1 patient treated with denosumab. The duration of denosumab exposure to time of atypical femoral fracture diagnosis was at 8.0 months [see Warnings and Precautions (5.5)].

Serious Infections

Serious infection was reported in 15 patients (3.9%) in the active-control group and 17 patients (4.3%) in the denosumab group.

Dermatologic Adverse Reactions

Epidermal and dermal adverse events (such as dermatitis, eczema, and rashes) were reported in 16 patients (4.2%) in the active-control group and 15 patients (3.8%) in the denosumab group.

Treatment of Bone Loss in Patients Receiving Androgen Deprivation Therapy for Prostate Cancer or Adjuvant Aromatase Inhibitor Therapy for Breast Cancer

The safety of denosumab in the treatment of bone loss in men with nonmetastatic prostate cancer receiving androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) was assessed in a 3-year, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multinational study of 1468 men aged 48 to 97 years. A total of 725 men were exposed to placebo and 731 men were exposed to denosumab administered once every 6 months as a single 60 mg subcutaneous dose. All men were instructed to take at least 1000 mg of calcium and 400 IU of vitamin D supplementation per day.

The incidence of serious adverse events was 30.6% in the placebo group and 34.6% in the denosumab group. The percentage of patients who withdrew from the study due to adverse events was 6.1% and 7.0% for the placebo and denosumab groups, respectively.

The safety of denosumab in the treatment of bone loss in women with nonmetastatic breast cancer receiving aromatase inhibitor (AI) therapy was assessed in a 2-year, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multinational study of 252 postmenopausal women aged 35 to 84 years. A total of 120 women were exposed to placebo and 129 women were exposed to denosumab administered once every 6 months as a single 60 mg subcutaneous dose. All women were instructed to take at least 1000 mg of calcium and 400 IU of vitamin D supplementation per day.

The incidence of serious adverse events was 9.2% in the placebo group and 14.7% in the denosumab group.

The percentage of patients who withdrew from the study due to adverse events was 4.2% and 0.8% for the placebo and denosumab groups, respectively.

Adverse reactions reported in ≥ 10% of denosumab-treated patients receiving ADT for prostate cancer or adjuvant AI therapy for breast cancer, and more frequently than in the placebo-treated patients were: arthralgia (13.0% placebo vs. 14.3% denosumab) and back pain (10.5% placebo vs. 11.5% denosumab). Pain in extremity (7.7% placebo vs. 9.9% denosumab) and musculoskeletal pain (3.8% placebo vs. 6.0% denosumab) have also been reported in clinical trials. Additionally, in denosumab-treated men with nonmetastatic prostate cancer receiving ADT, a greater incidence of cataracts was observed (1.2% placebo vs. 4.7% denosumab). Hypocalcemia (serum calcium < 8.4 mg/dL) was reported only in denosumab-treated patients (2.4% vs. 0.0%) at the month 1 visit.

Postmarketing Experience

Because postmarketing reactions are reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate their frequency or establish a causal relationship to drug exposure.

The following adverse reactions have been identified during post-approval use of denosumab products:

• Drug-related hypersensitivity reactions: anaphylaxis, rash, urticaria, facial swelling, and erythema
• Hypocalcemia: severe symptomatic hypocalcemia resulting in hospitalization, life-threatening events, and fatal cases
• Musculoskeletal pain, including severe cases
• Parathyroid hormone (PTH): Marked elevation in serum PTH in patients with severe renal impairment (creatinine clearance < 30 mL/min) or receiving dialysis
• Multiple vertebral fractures following treatment discontinuation
• Cutaneous and mucosal lichenoid drug eruptions (e.g., lichen planus-like reactions)
• Alopecia
• Vasculitis (e.g., ANCA positive vasculitis, leukocytoclastic vasculitis)
• Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) syndrome

Drug Interactions for Enoby

No information provided.

Warnings for Enoby

Included as part of the PRECAUTIONS section.

Precautions for Enoby

Severe Hypocalcemia and Mineral Metabolism Changes

Denosumab products can cause severe hypocalcemia and fatal cases have been reported. Pre-existing hypocalcemia must be corrected prior to initiating therapy with Enoby. Adequately supplement all patients with calcium and vitamin D [see Dosage and Administration (2.1), Contraindications (4), and Adverse Reactions (6.1)].

In patients without advanced chronic kidney disease who are predisposed to hypocalcemia and disturbances of mineral metabolism (e.g., history of hypoparathyroidism, thyroid surgery, parathyroid surgery, malabsorption syndromes, excision of small intestine, treatment with other calcium-lowering drugs), assess serum calcium and mineral levels (phosphorus and magnesium) 10 to 14 days after Enoby injection. In some postmarketing cases, hypocalcemia persisted for weeks or months and required frequent monitoring and intravenous and/or oral calcium replacement, with or without vitamin D.

Patients with Advanced Chronic Kidney Disease

Patients with advanced chronic kidney disease [i.e., eGFR < 30 mL/min/1.73 m²] including dialysis-dependent patients are at greater risk for severe hypocalcemia following denosumab products administration. Severe hypocalcemia resulting in hospitalization, life-threatening events and fatal cases have been reported. The presence of underlying chronic kidney disease-mineral bone disorder (CKD-MBD, renal osteodystrophy) markedly increases the risk of hypocalcemia. Concomitant use of calcimimetic drugs may also worsen hypocalcemia risk.

To minimize the risk of hypocalcemia in patients with advanced chronic kidney disease, evaluate for the presence of chronic kidney disease mineral and bone disorder with intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH), serum calcium, 25(OH) vitamin D, and 1,25(OH)₂ vitamin D prior to decisions regarding Enoby treatment. Consider also assessing bone turnover status (serum markers of bone turnover or bone biopsy) to evaluate the underlying bone disease that may be present. Monitor serum calcium weekly for the first month after Enoby administration and monthly thereafter. Instruct all patients with advanced chronic kidney disease, including those who are dialysis-dependent, about the symptoms of hypocalcemia and the importance of maintaining serum calcium levels with adequate calcium and activated vitamin D supplementation. Treatment with Enoby in these patients should be supervised by a healthcare provider who is experienced in diagnosis and management of CKD-MBD.

Drug Products with Same Active Ingredient

Patients receiving Enoby should not receive other denosumab products concomitantly.

Hypersensitivity

Clinically significant hypersensitivity including anaphylaxis has been reported with denosumab products. Symptoms have included hypotension, dyspnea, throat tightness, facial and upper airway edema, pruritus, and urticaria. If an anaphylactic or other clinically significant allergic reaction occurs, initiate appropriate therapy and discontinue further use of Enoby [see Contraindications (4), Adverse Reactions (6.2)].

Osteonecrosis of the Jaw

Osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ), which can occur spontaneously, is generally associated with tooth extraction and/or local infection with delayed healing. ONJ has been reported in patients receiving denosumab products [see Adverse Reactions (6.1)]. A routine oral exam should be performed by the prescriber prior to initiation of Enoby treatment. A dental examination with appropriate preventive dentistry is recommended prior to treatment with Enoby in patients with risk factors for ONJ such as invasive dental procedures (e.g., tooth extraction, dental implants, oral surgery), diagnosis of cancer, concomitant therapies (e.g., chemotherapy, corticosteroids, angiogenesis inhibitors), poor oral hygiene, and comorbid disorders (e.g., periodontal and/or other pre-existing dental disease, anemia, coagulopathy, infection, ill-fitting dentures). Good oral hygiene practices should be maintained during treatment with Enoby. Concomitant administration of drugs associated with ONJ may increase the risk of developing ONJ. The risk of ONJ may increase with duration of exposure to denosumab products.

For patients requiring invasive dental procedures, clinical judgment of the treating physician and/or oral surgeon should guide the management plan of each patient based on individual benefit-risk assessment.

Patients who are suspected of having or who develop ONJ while on Enoby should receive care by a dentist or an oral surgeon. In these patients, extensive dental surgery to treat ONJ may exacerbate the condition. Discontinuation of Enoby therapy should be considered based on individual benefit-risk assessment.

Atypical Subtrochanteric and Diaphyseal Femoral Fractures

Atypical low energy or low trauma fractures of the shaft have been reported in patients receiving denosumab products [see Adverse Reactions (6.1)]. These fractures can occur anywhere in the femoral shaft from just below the lesser trochanter to above the supracondylar flare and are transverse or short oblique in orientation without evidence of comminution. Causality has not been established as these fractures also occur in osteoporotic patients who have not been treated with antiresorptive agents.

Atypical femoral fractures most commonly occur with minimal or no trauma to the affected area. They may be bilateral, and many patients report prodromal pain in the affected area, usually presenting as dull, aching thigh pain, weeks to months before a complete fracture occurs. A number of reports note that patients were also receiving treatment with glucocorticoids (e.g. prednisone) at the time of fracture.

During Enoby treatment, patients should be advised to report new or unusual thigh, hip, or groin pain. Any patient who presents with thigh or groin pain should be suspected of having an atypical fracture and should be evaluated to rule out an incomplete femur fracture. Patients presenting with an atypical femur fracture should also be assessed for symptoms and signs of fracture in the contralateral limb. Interruption of Enoby therapy should be considered, pending a benefit-risk assessment, on an individual basis.

Multiple Vertebral Fractures (MVF) Following Treatment Discontinuation 

Following discontinuation of denosumab treatment, fracture risk increases, including the risk of multiple vertebral fractures. Treatment with denosumab results in significant suppression of bone turnover and cessation of denosumab treatment results in increased bone turnover above pretreatment values 9 months after the last dose of denosumab. Bone turnover then returns to pretreatment values 24 months after the last dose of denosumab. In addition, bone mineral density (BMD) returns to pretreatment values within 18 months after the last injection [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.2), Clinical Studies (14.1)].

New vertebral fractures occurred as early as 7 months (on average 19 months) after the last dose of denosumab. Prior vertebral fracture was a predictor of multiple vertebral fractures after denosumab discontinuation. Evaluate an individual’s benefit-risk before initiating treatment with Enoby.

If Enoby treatment is discontinued, patients should be transitioned to an alternative antiresorptive therapy [see Adverse Reactions (6.1)].

Serious Infections

In a clinical trial of over 7800 women with postmenopausal osteoporosis, serious infections leading to hospitalization were reported more frequently in the denosumab group than in the placebo group [see Adverse Reactions (6.1)]. Serious skin infections, as well as infections of the abdomen, urinary tract, and ear, were more frequent in patients treated with denosumab. Endocarditis was also reported more frequently in denosumab-treated patients. The incidence of opportunistic infections was similar between placebo and denosumab groups, and the overall incidence of infections was similar between the treatment groups. Advise patients to seek prompt medical attention if they develop signs or symptoms of severe infection, including cellulitis.

Patients on concomitant immunosuppressant agents or with impaired immune systems may be at increased risk for serious infections. Consider the benefit-risk profile in such patients before treating with Enoby. In patients who develop serious infections while on Enoby, prescribers should assess the need for continued Enoby therapy.

Dermatologic Adverse Reactions

In a large clinical trial of over 7800 women with postmenopausal osteoporosis, epidermal and dermal adverse events such as dermatitis, eczema, and rashes occurred at a significantly higher rate in the denosumab group compared to the placebo group. Most of these events were not specific to the injection site [see Adverse Reactions (6.1)]. Consider discontinuing Enoby if severe symptoms develop.

Musculoskeletal Pain

In postmarketing experience, severe and occasionally incapacitating bone, joint, and/or muscle pain has been reported in patients taking denosumab products [see Adverse Reactions (6.2)]. The time to onset of symptoms varied from one day to several months after starting denosumab products. Consider discontinuing use if severe symptoms develop [see Patient Counseling Information (17)].

Suppression of Bone Turnover

In clinical trials in women with postmenopausal osteoporosis, treatment with denosumab resulted in significant suppression of bone remodeling as evidenced by markers of bone turnover and bone histomorphometry [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.2), Clinical Studies (14.1)]. The significance of these findings and the effect of long-term treatment with denosumab products are unknown. The long-term consequences of the degree of suppression of bone remodeling observed with denosumab may contribute to adverse outcomes such as osteonecrosis of the jaw, atypical fractures, and delayed fracture healing. Monitor patients for these consequences.

Hypercalcemia in Pediatric Patients with Osteogenesis Imperfecta

Enoby is not approved for use in pediatric patients. Hypercalcemia has been reported in pediatric patients with osteogenesis imperfecta treated with denosumab products. Some cases required hospitalization [see Use in Specific Populations (8.4)].

NONCLINICAL TOXICOLOGY

Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility

Carcinogenesis

The carcinogenic potential of denosumab products has not been evaluated in long-term animal studies.

Mutagenesis

The genotoxic potential of denosumab products has not been evaluated.

Impairment of Fertility

Denosumab had no effect on female fertility or male reproductive organs in monkeys at doses that were 13- to 50-fold higher than the recommended human dose of 60 mg subcutaneously administered once every 6 months, based on body weight (mg/kg).

Patient Information for Enoby

Advise the patient to read the FDA-approved patient labeling (Medication Guide).

Hypocalcemia

Advise the patient to adequately supplement with calcium and vitamin D and instruct them on the importance of maintaining serum calcium levels while receiving Enoby [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1), Use in Specific Populations (8.6)]. Advise patients to seek prompt medical attention if they develop signs or symptoms of hypocalcemia.

Severe Hypocalcemia in Patients with Advanced Chronic Kidney Disease

Advise patients with advanced chronic kidney disease, including those who are dialysis-dependent, about the symptoms of hypocalcemia and the importance of maintaining serum calcium levels with adequate calcium and activated vitamin D supplementation. Advise these patients to have their serum calcium measured weekly for the first month after Enoby administration and monthly thereafter [see Dosage and Administration (2.2), Warnings and Precautions (5.1), Use in Specific Populations (8.6)].

Drug Products with Same Active Ingredient

Advise patients that if they receive Enoby, they should not receive other denosumab products concomitantly [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2)].

Hypersensitivity

Advise patients to seek prompt medical attention if signs or symptoms of hypersensitivity reactions occur. Advise patients who have had signs or symptoms of systemic hypersensitivity reactions that they should not receive denosumab products [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3), Contraindications (4)].

Osteonecrosis of the Jaw

Advise patients to maintain good oral hygiene during treatment with Enoby and to inform their dentist prior to dental procedures that they are receiving Enoby. Patients should inform their physician or dentist if they experience persistent pain and/or slow healing of the mouth or jaw after dental surgery [see Warnings and Precautions (5.4)].

Atypical Subtrochanteric and Diaphyseal Femoral Fractures

Advise patients to report new or unusual thigh, hip, or groin pain [see Warnings and Precautions (5.5)].

Multiple Vertebral Fractures (MVF) Following Treatment Discontinuation

Advise patients not to interrupt Enoby therapy without talking to their physician [see Warnings and Precautions (5.6)].

Serious Infections

Advise patients to seek prompt medical attention if they develop signs or symptoms of infections, including cellulitis [see Warnings and Precautions (5.7)].

Dermatologic Adverse Reactions

Advise patients to seek prompt medical attention if they develop signs or symptoms of dermatological reactions (such as dermatitis, rashes, and eczema) [see Warnings and Precautions (5.8)].

Musculoskeletal Pain

Inform patients that severe bone, joint, and/or muscle pain have been reported in patients taking denosumab products. Patients should report severe symptoms if they develop [see Warnings and Precautions (5.9)].

Pregnancy/Nursing

Counsel females of reproductive potential to use effective contraceptive measure to prevent pregnancy during treatment and for at least 5 months after the last dose of Enoby. Advise the patient to contact their physician immediately if pregnancy does occur during these times. Advise patients not to take Enoby while pregnant or breastfeeding. If a patient wishes to start breastfeeding after treatment, advise her to discuss the appropriate timing with her physician [see Contraindications (4), Use in Specific Populations (8.1)].

Schedule of Administration

Advise patients that if a dose of Enoby is missed, the injection should be administered as soon as convenient. Thereafter, schedule injections every 6 months from the date of the last injection.

Enoby™ (denosumab-qbde)

Manufactured by:
Hikma Pharmaceuticals USA Inc.
2 Esterbrook Lane
Cherry Hill, NJ 08003 USA

U.S. License No. xxxx
Product of Hungary
Prolia^® is a registered trademark of Amgen Inc.

OVERDOSES

No information provided.

Contraindications for Enoby

Enoby is contraindicated in:

• Patients with hypocalcemia: Pre-existing hypocalcemia must be corrected prior to initiating therapy with Enoby [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)].
• Pregnant women: Denosumab products may cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman. In women of reproductive potential, pregnancy testing should be performed prior to initiating treatment with Enoby [see Use in Specific Populations (8.1)].
• Patients with hypersensitivity to denosumab products: Enoby is contraindicated in patients with a history of systemic hypersensitivity to any component of the product. Reactions have included anaphylaxis, facial swelling, and urticaria [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3), Adverse Reactions (6.2)].

Clinical Pharmacology for Enoby

Mechanism Of Action

Denosumab products bind to RANKL, a transmembrane or soluble protein essential for the formation, function, and survival of osteoclasts, the cells responsible for bone resorption. Denosumab products prevent RANKL from activating its receptor, RANK, on the surface of osteoclasts and their precursors. Prevention of the RANKL/RANK interaction inhibits osteoclast formation, function, and survival, thereby decreasing bone resorption and increasing bone mass and strength in both cortical and trabecular bone.

Pharmacodynamics

In clinical studies, treatment with 60 mg of denosumab resulted in reduction in the bone resorption marker serum type 1 C-telopeptide (CTX) by approximately 85% by 3 days, with maximal reductions occurring by 1 month. CTX levels were below the limit of assay quantitation (0.049 ng/mL) in 39% to 68% of patients 1 to 3 months after dosing of denosumab. At the end of each dosing interval, CTX reductions were partially attenuated from a maximal reduction of ≥ 87% to ≥ 45% (range: 45% to 80%), as serum denosumab levels diminished, reflecting the reversibility of the effects of denosumab on bone remodeling. These effects were sustained with continued treatment. Upon reinitiation, the degree of inhibition of CTX by denosumab was similar to that observed in patients initiating denosumab treatment.

Consistent with the physiological coupling of bone formation and resorption in skeletal remodeling, subsequent reductions in bone formation markers (i.e., osteocalcin and procollagen type 1 N-terminal peptide [P1NP]) were observed starting 1 month after the first dose of denosumab. After discontinuation of denosumab therapy, markers of bone resorption increased to levels 40% to 60% above pretreatment values but returned to baseline levels within 12 months.

Pharmacokinetics

In a study conducted in healthy male and female volunteers (n = 73, age range: 18 to 64 years) following a single subcutaneously administered denosumab dose of 60 mg, the mean area-under-the-concentration- time curve up to 16 weeks (AUC_{0-16 weeks}) of denosumab was 316 mcg×day/mL (standard deviation [SD] = 101 mcg×day/mL). The mean maximum denosumab concentration (C_max) was 6.75 mcg/mL (SD = 1.89 mcg/mL). No accumulation or change in denosumab pharmacokinetics with time is observed with multiple dosing of 60 mg subcutaneously administered once every 6 months.

Absorption

Following subcutaneous administration, the median time to maximum denosumab concentration (T_max) was 10 days (range: 3 to 21 days).

Distribution

The mean volume of distribution for denosumab was 5.2 L (SD = 1.7 L).

Elimination

Serum denosumab concentrations declined over a period of 4 to 5 months with a mean half-life of 25.4 days (SD = 8.5 days; n = 46).

A population pharmacokinetic analysis was performed to evaluate the effects of demographic characteristics. This analysis showed no notable differences in pharmacokinetics with age (in postmenopausal women), race, or body weight (36 to 140 kg).

Seminal Fluid Pharmacokinetic Study

Serum and seminal fluid concentrations of denosumab were measured in 12 healthy male volunteers (age range: 43-65 years). After a single 60 mg subcutaneous administration of denosumab, the mean (± SD) C_max values in the serum and seminal fluid samples were 6170 (± 2070) and 100 (± 81.9) ng/mL, respectively, resulting in a maximum seminal fluid concentration of approximately 2% of serum levels. The median (range) T_max values in the serum and seminal fluid samples were 8.0 (7.9 to 21) and 21 (8.0 to 49) days, respectively. Among the subjects, the highest denosumab concentration in seminal fluid was 301 ng/mL at 22 days post-dose. On the first day of measurement (10 days post-dose), nine of eleven subjects had quantifiable concentrations in semen. On the last day of measurement (106 days post-dose), five subjects still had quantifiable concentrations of denosumab in seminal fluid, with a mean (± SD) seminal fluid concentration of 21.1 (± 36.5) ng/mL across all subjects (n = 12).

Drug Interactions

In a study of 19 postmenopausal women with low BMD and rheumatoid arthritis treated with etanercept (50 mg subcutaneous injection once weekly), a single-dose of denosumab (60 mg subcutaneous injection) was administered 7 days after the previous dose of etanercept. No clinically significant changes in the pharmacokinetics of etanercept were observed.

Cytochrome P450 substrates

In a study of 17 postmenopausal women with osteoporosis, midazolam (2 mg oral) was administered 2 weeks after a single-dose of denosumab (60 mg subcutaneous injection), which approximates the T_max of denosumab. Denosumab did not affect the pharmacokinetics of midazolam, which is metabolized by cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4). This indicates that denosumab products should not alter the pharmacokinetics of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4 in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis.

Specific Populations

Gender: Mean serum denosumab concentration-time profiles observed in a study conducted in healthy men ≥ 50 years were similar to those observed in a study conducted in postmenopausal women using the same dose regimen.

Age: The pharmacokinetics of denosumab were not affected by age across all populations studied whose ages ranged from 28 to 87 years.

Race: The pharmacokinetics of denosumab were not affected by race.

Renal Impairment: In a study of 55 patients with varying degrees of renal function, including patients on dialysis, the degree of renal impairment had no effect on the pharmacokinetics of denosumab; thus, dose adjustment for renal impairment is not necessary.

Hepatic Impairment: No clinical studies have been conducted to evaluate the effect of hepatic impairment on the pharmacokinetics of denosumab products.

Immunogenicity

The observed incidence of anti-drug antibodies is highly dependent on the sensitivity and specificity of the assay. Differences in assay methods preclude meaningful comparisons of the incidence of anti-drug antibodies in the studies described below with the incidence of anti-drug antibodies in other studies, including those of denosumab or of other denosumab products.

Using an electrochemiluminescent bridging immunoassay, less than 1% (55 out of 8113) of patients treated with denosumab for up to 5 years tested positive for binding antibodies (including pre- existing, transient, and developing antibodies). None of the patients tested positive for neutralizing antibodies, as was assessed using a chemiluminescent cell-based in vitro biological assay.

There was no identified clinically significant effect of anti-drug antibodies on pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, safety, or effectiveness of denosumab.

Animal Toxicology and/or Pharmacology

Denosumab products are inhibitors of osteoclastic bone resorption via inhibition of RANKL.

In ovariectomized monkeys, once-monthly treatment with denosumab suppressed bone turnover and increased BMD and strength of cancellous and cortical bone at doses 50-fold higher than the recommended human dose of 60 mg administered once every 6 months, based on body weight (mg/kg). Bone tissue was normal with no evidence of mineralization defects, accumulation of osteoid, or woven bone.

Because the biological activity of denosumab in animals is specific to nonhuman primates, evaluation of genetically engineered (“knockout”) mice or use of other biological inhibitors of the RANK/RANKL pathway, namely OPG-Fc, provided additional information on the pharmacodynamic properties of denosumab products. RANK/RANKL knockout mice exhibited absence of lymph node formation, as well as an absence of lactation due to inhibition of mammary gland maturation (lobulo-alveolar gland development during pregnancy). Neonatal RANK/RANKL knockout mice exhibited reduced bone growth and lack of tooth eruption. A corroborative study in 2-week-old rats given the RANKL inhibitor OPG-Fc also showed reduced bone growth, altered growth plates, and impaired tooth eruption. These changes were partially reversible in this model when dosing with the RANKL inhibitors was discontinued.

MEDICATION GUIDE

What is the most important information I should know about Enoby?

If you receive Enoby, you should not receive other denosumab products at the same time.

Enoby can cause serious side effects including:

• Increased risk of severe low calcium levels in your blood (hypocalcemia). Enoby may lower the calcium levels in your blood. If you have low blood calcium before you start receiving Enoby, it may get worse during treatment. Your low blood calcium must be treated before you receive Enoby. Talk to your doctor before starting Enoby. Your doctor may prescribe calcium and vitamin D to help prevent low calcium levels in your blood while you take Enoby. Take calcium and vitamin D as your doctor tells you to.
  If you have advanced chronic kidney disease (may or may not be on kidney dialysis), Enoby may increase your risk for severe low calcium levels in your blood, which could result in hospitalization, life-threatening events and death. A mineral and bone disorder associated with kidney disease called chronic kidney disease-mineral bone disorder (CKD-MBD) may increase your risk for severe low calcium levels in blood. Before you start Enoby and during treatment, your doctor may need to do certain blood tests to check for CKD-MBD.
  Most people with low blood calcium levels do not have symptoms, but some people may have symptoms. Call your doctor right away if you have symptoms of low blood calcium such as:
  • spasms, twitches, or cramps in your muscles
  • numbness or tingling in your fingers, toes, or around your mouth
• Serious allergic Serious allergic reactions have happened in people who take denosumab products. Call your doctor or go to your nearest emergency room right away if you have any symptoms of a serious allergic reaction. Symptoms of a serious allergic reaction may include:

  low blood pressure (hypotension) trouble breathing throat tightness swelling of your face, lips, or tongue

  rash itching hives

• Severe jaw bone problems (osteonecrosis). Severe jaw bone problems may happen when you take Your doctor should examine your mouth before you start Enoby. Your doctor may tell you to see your dentist before you start Enoby. It is important for you to practice good mouth care during treatment with Enoby. Ask your doctor or dentist about good mouth care if you have any questions.
• Unusual thigh bone fractures. Some people have developed unusual fractures in their thigh bone. Symptoms of a fracture include new or unusual pain in your hip, groin, or thigh.
• Increased risk of broken bones, including broken bones in the spine, after stopping, skipping or delaying Enoby. Talk with your doctor before starting Enoby treatment. After your treatment with Enoby is stopped, or if you skip or delay taking a dose, your risk for breaking bones, including bones in your spine, is increased. Your risk for having more than 1 broken bone in your spine is increased if you have already had a broken bone in your spine. Do not stop, skip or delay taking Enoby without first talking with your doctor. If your Enoby treatment is stopped, talk to your doctor about other medicine that you can take.
• Serious infections. Serious infections in your skin, lower stomach area (abdomen), bladder, or ear may happen if you take Enoby. Inflammation of the inner lining of the heart (endocarditis) due to an infection also may happen more often in people who take Enoby. You may need to go to the hospital for treatment if you develop an infection.
  Enoby is a medicine that may affect the ability of your body to fight infections. People who have a weakened immune system or take medicines that affect the immune system may have an increased risk for developing serious infections. Call your doctor right away if you have any of the following symptoms of infection:
  • fever or chills
  • skin that looks red or swollen and is hot or tender to touch
  • fever, shortness of breath, cough that will not go away
  • severe abdominal pain
  • frequent or urgent need to urinate or burning feeling when you urinate
• Skin problems. Skin problems such as inflammation of your skin (dermatitis), rash, and eczema may happen if you take Enoby. Call your doctor if you have any of the following symptoms of skin problems that do not go away or get worse:

  redness itching small bumps or patches (rash)

  your skin is dry or feels like leather blisters that ooze or become crusty skin peeling

• Bone, joint, or muscle pain. Some people who take denosumab products develop severe bone, joint, or muscle pain.
  Call your doctor right away if you have any of these side effects.

What is Enoby?

Enoby is a prescription medicine used to:

• Treat osteoporosis (thinning and weakening of bone) in women after menopause (“change of life”) who:
  • are at high risk for fracture (broken bone)
  • cannot use another osteoporosis medicine or other osteoporosis medicines did not work well
• Increase bone mass in men with osteoporosis who are at high risk for fracture.
• Treat osteoporosis in men and women who will be taking corticosteroid medicines (such as prednisone) for at least 6 months and are at high risk for fracture.
• Treat bone loss in men who are at high risk for fracture receiving certain treatments for prostate cancer that has not spread to other parts of the body.
• Treat bone loss in women who are at high risk for fracture receiving certain treatments for breast cancer that has not spread to other parts of the body.

It is not known if Enoby is safe and effective in children. Enoby is not approved for use in children.

Do not take Enoby if you:

• have been told by your doctor that your blood calcium level is too low.
• are pregnant or plan to become pregnant.
• are allergic to denosumab products or any of the ingredients in Enoby. See the end of this Medication Guide for a complete list of ingredients in Enoby.

Before taking Enoby, tell your doctor about all of your medical conditions, including if you:

• are taking other denosumab products.
• have low blood calcium.
• cannot take daily calcium and vitamin D.
• had parathyroid or thyroid surgery (glands located in your neck).
• have been told you have trouble absorbing minerals in your stomach or intestines (malabsorption syndrome).
• have kidney problems or are on kidney dialysis.
• are taking medicine that can lower your blood calcium levels.
• plan to have dental surgery or teeth removed.
• are pregnant or plan to become Enoby may harm your unborn baby.
  Females who are able to become pregnant:
  • Your healthcare provider should do a pregnancy test before you start treatment with Enoby.
  • You should use an effective method of birth control (contraception) during treatment with Enoby and for at least 5 months after your last dose of Enoby.
  • Tell your doctor right away if you become pregnant while taking Enoby.
  • are breastfeeding or plan to It is not known if Enoby passes into your breast milk. You and your doctor should decide if you will take Enoby or breastfeed. You should not do both.

Tell your doctor about all the medicines you take, including prescription and over-the-counter medicines, vitamins, and herbal supplements.
Know the medicines you take. Keep a list of medicines with you to show to your doctor or pharmacist when you get a new medicine.

How will I receive Enoby?

• Enoby is an injection that will be given to you by a healthcare Enoby is injected under your skin (subcutaneous).
• You will receive Enoby 1 time every 6 months.
• You should take calcium and vitamin D as your doctor tells you to while you receive Enoby.
• If you miss a dose of Enoby, you should receive your injection as soon as you can.
• Take good care of your teeth and gums while you receive Brush and floss your teeth regularly.
• Tell your dentist that you are receiving Enoby before you have dental work.

What are the possible side effects of Enoby?

Enoby may cause serious side effects.

• See “What is the most important information I should know about Enoby?”
• It is not known if the use of Enoby over a long period of time may cause slow healing of broken

The most common side effects of Enoby in women who are being treated for osteoporosis after menopause are:

back pain pain in your arms and legs high cholesterol

muscle pain bladder infection

The most common side effects of Enoby in men with osteoporosis are:

back pain joint pain

common cold (runny nose or sore throat)

The most common side effects of Enoby in patients with glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis are:

back pain high blood pressure

lung infection (bronchitis) headache

The most common side effects of Enoby in patients receiving certain treatments for prostate or breast cancer are:

joint pain back pain

pain in your arms and legs muscle pain

Tell your doctor if you have any side effect that bothers you or that does not go away.
These are not all the possible side effects of Enoby.
Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.

How should I store Enoby if I need to pick it up from a pharmacy?

• Keep Enoby in a refrigerator at 36°F to 46°F (2°C to 8°C) in the original carton.
• Do not freeze Enoby.
• When you remove Enoby from the refrigerator, Enoby must be kept at room temperature [up to 77°F (25°C)] in the original carton and must be used within 30 days.
• Do not keep Enoby at temperatures above 77°F (25°C). Warm temperatures will affect how Enoby works.
• Do not shake Enoby.
• Keep Enoby in the original carton to protect from light.

Keep Enoby and all medicines out of the reach of children.

General information about the safe and effective use of Enoby.

Medicines are sometimes prescribed for purposes other than those listed in a Medication Guide. Do not use Enoby for a condition for which it was not prescribed. Do not give Enoby to other people, even if they have the same symptoms that you have. It may harm them. You can ask your doctor or pharmacist for information about Enoby that is written for healthcare providers.

What are the ingredients in Enoby?

Active ingredient: denosumab-qbde

Inactive ingredients: glacial acetic acid, polysorbate 20, sorbitol, Water for Injection (USP), and sodium hydroxide is added to adjust pH.

Manufactured by:
Hikma Pharmaceuticals USA Inc.
2 Esterbrook Lane
Cherry Hill, NJ 08003 USA

U.S. License No. xxxx

Product of Hungary
For more information, go to www.enobyinfo.com or call Hikma Pharmaceuticals USA Inc. at 1-877-845-0689.