Triferic

Description for Triferic

Triferic (ferric pyrophosphate citrate) solution, an iron replacement product, is a mixed-ligand iron complex in which iron (III) is bound to pyrophosphate and citrate. It has a molecular formula of Fe₄(C₆H₄O₇)₃(H₂P₂O₇)₂(P₂O₇) and a relative molecular weight of approximately 1313 daltons. Ferric pyrophosphate citrate has the following structure:

Triferic Solution

Triferic (ferric pyrophosphate citrate) solution–is a clear, slightly yellow-green color sterile solution containing 27.2 mg of elemental iron (III) per 5 mL (5.44 mg iron (III) per mL) filled in a 5 mL or 272 mg of elemental iron (III) per 50 mL (5.44 mg iron (III) per mL) filled in a 50 Ml low density polyethylene (LDPE) ampule. Each Triferic ampule contains iron (7.5-9.0% w/w), citrate (15-22% w/w), pyrophosphate (15-22% w/w), phosphate (< 2% w/w), sodium (18-25% w/w) and sulfate (20-35%). One Triferic 5 mL ampule is added to 2.5 gallons (9.46 L) of bicarbonate concentrate. One Triferic 50 mL ampule is added to 25 gallons (94.6 L) of master bicarbonate mix.

Triferic Powder Packets

Triferic (ferric pyrophosphate citrate) powder is a slightly yellow-green powder, packaged in single use paper, polyethylene and aluminum foil packets, each containing 272.0 mg of elemental iron (III). Each Triferic packet contains iron (7.5-9.0% w/w), citrate (15-22% w/w), pyrophosphate (15-22% w/w), phosphate (< 2% w/w), sodium (18-25% w/w) and sulfate (20- 35%). One Triferic powder packet is added to 25 (94.6 L) gallons of master bicarbonate mix.

Uses for Triferic

Triferic is an iron replacement product indicated for the replacement of iron to maintain hemoglobin in adult patients with hemodialysis-dependent chronic kidney disease (HDD-CKD).

Limitations Of Use

Triferic is not intended for use in patients receiving peritoneal dialysis.

Triferic has not been studied in patients receiving home hemodialysis.

Dosage for Triferic

Recommended Dose

Inspect Triferic ampules for signs of precipitation prior to mixing with the bicarbonate concentrate. Triferic ampules appear slightly yellow-green in color.

Triferic should only be added to the bicarbonate concentrate and should NOT be added to acid concentrate mixtures.

• Add Triferic solution or powder to bicarbonate concentrate used for generation of hemodialysate. The final concentration of Triferic iron (III) in the final hemodialysate is 2 micromolar (110 mcg/L).
• Add one 5 mL Triferic ampule to 2.5 gallons (9.46 L) of bicarbonate concentrate. Multiple 5 mL Triferic ampules can be added to the master bicarbonate mix at each center at a ratio of one (1) ampule to each 2.5 gallons (9.46 L) of bicarbonate concentrate.
• Add one Triferic 50 mL ampule to each 25 gallons (94.6 L) of the master bicarbonate mix for administration via the central distribution system at each center at a ratio of one (1) 50 mL ampule for each 25 gallons of bicarbonate concentrate.

Add one Triferic Powder Packet, 272 mg iron (III) to each 25 gallons (94.6 L) of the master bicarbonate mix for administration via the central distribution system at each center at a ratio of one (1) 272 mg packet for each 25 gallons of bicarbonate concentrate.

Administer Triferic to patients at each dialysis procedure for as long as patients are receiving maintenance hemodialysis therapy for CKD.

The dosage of Triferic solution is expressed as mg of iron (III). Each mL of Triferic solution contains 5.44 mg of iron as iron (III).

Hemodialysis bicarbonate solutions should be used within 24 hours of the preparation of the bicarbonate concentrate mixture.

HOW SUPPLIED

Dosage Forms And Strengths

Injection: 27.2 mg iron (III) per 5 mL (5.44 mg of iron (III) per mL) clear slightly yellow-green solution in single-dose ampule.

Injection: 272 mg iron (III) per 50 mL (5.44 mg of iron (III) per mL) clear slightly yellow-green solution in single-dose ampule. .

For injection: 272 mg iron (III) of ferric pyrophosphate citrate as slightly yellow-green powder Packet.

Storage And Handling

Triferic is available in ampules or packets in the following package sizes:

NDC Code	Package Description	Amount/Total Volume (per ampule)
NDC 57278-314-01	5 X 5 mL Ampules per Pouch	27.2 mg iron (III)/ 5 mL (5.44 mg of iron (III) per mL)
NDC 57278-314-02	8 Pouches per Carton
NDC 57278-316-01	50 mL Ampule	272 mg iron (III)/ 50 mL (5.44 mg of iron (III) per mL)
NDC 57278-316-02	4 Ampules per Pouch
NDC 57278-316-03	6 Pouches per Carton
NDC Code	Package Description	Amount/Packet
NDC 57278-315-01	Packet	272 mg iron (III)/packet
NDC 57278-315-02	100 Packets per Carton

Storage

Store ampules protected from light in the aluminum pouch at controlled room temperature (20° to 25°C [68° to 77°F]); excursions permitted to 15°-30°C (59° to 86°F) [See USP Controlled Room Temperature].

Store packets at controlled room temperature (20° to 25°C [68° to 77°F]); excursions permitted to 15°-30°C (59° to 86°F) [See USP Controlled Room Temperature].

Manufactured for: Rockwell Medical, Inc., Wixom, MI 48393. Revised: Mar 2018

Side Effects for Triferic

The following adverse reactions are described below and elsewhere in the labeling:

• Hypersensitivity Reactions. [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS]

Clinical Trials Experience

Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug may not reflect the rates observed in practice.

In two randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trials a total of 292 patients were administered Triferic for periods of up to 1 year [see Clinical Studies]. The mean total exposure in the randomized treatment period was 5 months. A total of 296 patients received placebo treatment for a similar time period. In the two studies, 64% were male and 54% were Caucasian. The median age of patients was 60 years (range, 20 to 89 years).

Adverse reactions occurring in 3% or greater of patients treated with Triferic in the randomized clinical trials are listed in Table 1.

Table 1: Adverse Reactions Reported in Two Clinical Trials in at Least 3% of Patients Receiving Triferic and at an Incidence at Least 1% Greater than Placebo.

Body System Adverse Reaction	Triferic N=292 n (%)	Placebo N=296 n (%)
Number of patients with at least one adverse reaction	229 (78.4)	223 (75.3)
General Disorders and Administration Site Conditions
Peripheral edema	20 (6.8)	11 (3.7)
Pyrexia	13 (4.5)	9 (3.0)
Asthenia	12 (4.1)	9 (3.0)
Fatigue	11 (3.8)	6 (2.0)
Infections and Infestations
Urinary tract infection	13 (4.5)	4 (1.4)
Injury, Poisoning, and Procedural Complications
Procedural hypotension	63 (21.6)	57 (19.3)
Arteriovenous fistula thrombosis	10 (3.4)	6 (2.0)
Arteriovenous fistula site hemorrhage	10 (3.4)	5 (1.7)
Musculoskeletal and Connective Tissue Disorders
Muscle spasms	28 (9.6)	24 (8.1)
Pain in extremity	20 (6.8)	17 (5.7)
Back pain	13 (4.5)	10 (3.4)
Nervous System Disorders
Headache	27 (9.2)	16 (5.4)
Respiratory, Thoracic and Mediastinal Disorders
Dyspnea	17 (5.8)	13 (4.4)

Adverse Reactions Leading To Treatment Discontinuation

In clinical trials, adverse reactions leading to treatment discontinuation included headache, asthenia, dizziness, constipation, nausea, hypersensitivity reactions, intradialytic hypotension, pruritus, and pyrexia.

Adverse reactions reported in the treatment extension period were similar to those observed in the randomized clinical studies.

Drug Interactions for Triferic

No Information provided

Warnings for Triferic

Included as part of the PRECAUTIONS section.

Precautions for Triferic

Hypersensitivity Reactions

Serious hypersensitivity reactions, including anaphylactic-type reactions, some of which have been life-threatening and fatal, have been reported in patients receiving parenteral iron products. Patients may present with shock, clinically significant hypotension, loss of consciousness, and/or collapse. Monitor patients for signs and symptoms of hypersensitivity during and after hemodialysis until clinically stable. Personnel and therapies should be immediately available for the treatment of serious hypersensitivity reactions. [see ADVERSE REACTIONS]

Hypersensitivity reactions have been reported in 1 (0.3%) of 292 patients receiving Triferic in two randomized clinical trials.

Iron Laboratory Testing

Determine iron status on pre-dialysis blood samples. Post-dialysis serum iron parameters may overestimate serum iron and transferrin saturation.

Nonclinical Toxicology

Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment Of Fertility

Studies examining the carcinogenic potential of ferric pyrophosphate citrate have not been conducted.

Ferric pyrophosphate citrate was clastogenic in the in vitro chromosomal aberration assay in CHO cells in the presence of metabolic activation. Ferric pyrophosphate citrate was not mutagenic in the in vitro bacterial reverse mutation (Ames) test or clastogenic in the in vitro chromosomal aberration assay in CHO cells in the absence of metabolic activation or in the in vivo mouse micronucleus assay.

In a combined male and female fertility study in rats, ferric pyrophosphate citrate was administered intravenously over one hour three times per week at doses of up to 40 mg/kg. No adverse effects on fertility or reproduction were noted.

Use In Specific Populations

Pregnancy

Risk Summary

There are no available data on Triferic use in pregnant women to inform a drug-associated risk of major birth defects and miscarriage. In pregnant rats and rabbits, ferric pyrophosphate citrate caused adverse developmental outcomes at maternally toxic dose levels that were higher than the maximum theoretical amount of iron transferred to patients from Triferic. Use Triferic during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus.

The estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage for the indicated population is unknown. All pregnancies have a background risk of birth defect, loss, or other adverse outcomes. In the U.S. general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2-4% and 15-20%, respectively.

Data

Animal Data

In a fertility and early embryonic development study in female rats, the maternally toxic ferric pyrophosphate citrate dose of 40 mg/kg administered three times per week by intravenous (IV) infusion was not toxic to the developing embryo. In embryo-fetal developmental toxicity studies, ferric pyrophosphate citrate was administered during the period of organogenesis as a one-hour IV infusion to pregnant rats and rabbits. No maternal or developmental toxicity was observed at doses up to 30 mg/kg/day in rats and 20 mg/kg/day in rabbits. Maternally toxic doses affected embryo-fetal development, resulting in post-implantation loss due to early resorptions, abnormal placentae, decreased fetal body weight and fetal head and vertebral malformations at 90 mg/kg/day in rats and vertebral malformations at 40 mg/kg/day in rabbits.

A pre-and post-natal development study was conducted in pregnant rats with intravenous doses of ferric pyrophosphate citrate up to 90 mg/kg/day. The maternally toxic dose of 90 mg/kg/day resulted in reductions in the number of live offspring and lower offspring body weights. There were no adverse effects on survival of offspring at doses up to 30 mg/kg/day, or on behavior, sexual maturation or reproductive parameters of offspring at any dose level.

Lactation

There is no information regarding the presence of Triferic in human milk, the effects on the breastfed child, or the effect on milk production. The developmental and health benefits of breastfeeding should be considered along with the mother's clinical need for Triferic and any potential adverse effects on the breastfed child from Triferic or from the underlying maternal condition.

Females And Males Of Reproductive Potential

Triferic may cause fetal harm when administered to pregnant women. Advise females of reproductive potential to use effective contraception measures to prevent pregnancy during treatment with Triferic and for at least 2 weeks following completion of therapy.

Pediatric Use

Safety and effectiveness have not been established in pediatric patients.

Geriatric Use

In controlled clinical trials, 99 (28.6%) patients ≥ 65 years of age were treated with Triferic. No overall differences in safety and efficacy were observed between older and younger patients in these trials [see Clinical Studies].

Overdose Information for Triferic

No Information provided

Contraindications for Triferic

None

Clinical Pharmacology for Triferic

Mechanism Of Action

Triferic contains iron in the form of ferric pyrophosphate citrate and is added to hemodialysate solution to be administered to patients by transfer across the dialyzer membrane. Iron delivered into the circulation binds to transferrin for transport to erythroid precursor cells to be incorporated into hemoglobin.

Pharmacokinetics

The pharmacokinetics of serum iron was investigated in healthy volunteers administered 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10 mg Triferic intravenously over 4 hours, or 15 mg and 20 mg Triferic intravenously over 12 hours. After correcting for the basal iron levels, the AUC and Cmax of baseline-corrected serum iron increased in a dose proportional manner. The half-life of serum iron was approximately 1.48 hours, the mean clearance (CL) ranged from 0.406 to 0.556 L/hour, the mean apparent volume of distribution (Vz) ranged from 0.765 to 0.859 L after a 4 hour intravenous administration of Triferic. Compared to the 4 hour infusion of Triferic, higher mean CL and Vz were observed following the administration of Triferic 15 mg (CL = 0.672 L/hour and Vz = 1.66 L) and Triferic 20 mg (CL = 0.661 L/hour, Vz = 2.08L) infused over 12 hours. In a study that assessed the impact of different dialysis conditions on iron delivery in patients administered Triferic via hemodialysis, a reduction of the blood and dialysate flow rates (Qb/Qd of 200/400 mL/min vs. ≥ 350/ ≥ 600 mL/min) resulted in a 33% decrease in the median cumulative iron delivered.

Clinical Studies

The safety and efficacy of Triferic in patients with HDD-CKD was assessed in two randomized, single blind, placebo-controlled clinical trials. Patients with hemoglobin of 9 g/dL to 12 g/dL with TSAT > 20% and serum ferritin concentrations > 200 mcg/L were enrolled. Patients were to remain in randomized treatment until pre-specified hemoglobin or ferritin criteria were met, indicating the need for a change in anemia management or if they completed 48 weeks. Triferic was added to bicarbonate concentrate with a final concentration of 110 mcg iron/L in the dialysate and was administered 3 or 4 times per week during hemodialysis. Most patients were receiving stable dose of erythropoiesis stimulating agents (ESAs) at baseline. After randomization, patients' ESA doses were not to be changed.

In Study 1, the mean age of patients was 58 years (range 23 to 89); 32% were female, 55% were Caucasian, 32% were African American, and 13% were other races.

In Study 2, the mean age of patients was 58 years (range 20 to 89); 41% were female, 54% were Caucasian, 40% were African American, and 6% were other races.

The primary endpoint of the studies was the mean change in hemoglobin from baseline to the end-of-treatment period (average hemoglobin of the last one-sixth (1/6th) of the time in the randomized treatment period). About 18% of patients completed the planned 48 week treatment duration.

Table 2 shows the mean changes in hemoglobin (Hgb) and iron parameters in each treatment group from baseline to the end-of-treatment period for the ITT population.

Table 2: Changes from Baseline to End of Treatment in Hemoglobin, Ferritin, Reticulocyte Hgb (CHr), and Transferrin Saturation (TSAT).

	Study 1		Study 2
	Triferic n=152	Placebo n=153	Triferic n=147	Placebo n=147
Baseline Hemoglobin Mean ± SD, g/dL	10.96 (0.592)	10.91 (0.632)	10.96 (0.605)	10.94 (0.622)
Hemoglobin Change from Baseline to End-of-Treatment Period Mean ± SD g/dL	-0.03 (1.147)†	-0.38 (1.240)	-0.08 (1.152)†	-0.44 (1157)
Baseline Ferritin Mean (SD), mcg/L	508.2 (193.55)	509.3 (209.06)	519.0 (201.56)	478.4 (200.59)
Ferritin, Change from Baseline to End-of-Treatment Mean (SD), mcg/L	-70.8 (132.41)	-141 .2 (187.74)	-65.3 (162.45)	-120.9 (268.19)
Baseline Reticulocyte Hemoglobin (CHr) Mean (SD), pg	32.37 (1.967)	32.53 (1.965)	32.56 (2.210)	32.57 (1.932)
CHr, Change from Baseline to End-of- Treatment Mean (SD), pg	-0.22 (1191)	-0.90 (1.407)	-0.55 (1.441)	-0.85 (1.474)
Baseline TSAT Mean (SD), %	28.2 (8.23)	27.1 (7.76)	28.0 (8.15)	28.2 (8.52)
TSAT, Change from Baseline to End-of-Treatment) Mean (SD), %	-1.0 (9.07)	-2.9 (7.65)	-0.9 (7.54)	-3.6 (7.29)
† p < 0.05 for primary efficacy endpoint

Patient Information for Triferic

Prior to the administration of Triferic:

• Question patients regarding any prior history of reactions to parenteral iron products.
• Advise patients of the risk of hypersensitivity reactions associated with Triferic.
• Advise patient to report any signs and symptoms of hypersensitivity that may develop during and after the dialysis session, such as rash, itching, dizziness, lightheadedness, swelling and breathing problems [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS].
• Advise females of reproductive potential to use effective contraception measures to prevent pregnancy during treatment with Triferic and for at least 2 weeks following completion of therapy.